Microsoft's products are still very large, complex, and not very user-friendly. However, when I saw the samples that come with DirectX, I was still stunned. I want to say, I also want to make this!
Then it took almost a day to complete Microsoft's graphics development environment.
Preparation work:
The latest version available online for the Win7 flagship version vs2008 express (relatively lightweight) is the 2010 version of DirectX 9.0 SDK. The Microsoft DirectX SDK (June 2010) cannot be downloaded from the Microsoft official website.
You can start now.
1) Install VS2008 first, and after downloading the image, the size is less than 1GB. .
Load with the driver sprite, then run and select visual c++, It will take about 20 minutes to complete.
2) Install the sdk for DirectX, which is over 500 MB. Double click to run and proceed to the next step. .
3) Create a new Win32 application project and add the SDK header and library files. .
Tools Options Project and Solutions VC++ In the directories.
Add Include from the DirectX installation directory to Include
Add Lib/X86 from the DirectX installation directory to the library containing directory.
Right click on the project -> Properties -> Connector -> Enter -> Add d3d9.lib d3dx9.lib winmm.lib to the additional dependencies.
4) Code List .
Create a new main.cpp with the following code:
//
//
// File: d3dinit.cpp
//
// Author: Frank Luna (C) All Rights Reserved
//
// System: AMD Athlon 1800+ XP, 512 DDR, Geforce 3, Windows XP, MSVC++ 7.0
//
// Desc: Demonstrates how to initialize Direct3D, how to use the book's framework
// functions, and how to clear the screen to black. Note that the Direct3D
// initialization code is in the d3dUtility.h/.cpp files.
//
//
#include "d3dUtility.h"
//
// Globals
//
IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;
//
// Framework Functions
//
bool Setup()
{
// Nothing to setup in this sample.
return true;
}
void Cleanup()
{
// Nothing to cleanup in this sample.
}
bool Display(float timeDelta)
{
if( Device ) // Only use Device methods if we have a valid device.
{
// Instruct the device to set each pixel on the back buffer black -
// D3DCLEAR_TARGET: 0x00000000 (black) - and to set each pixel on
// the depth buffer to a value of 1.0 - D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER: 1.0f.
Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0x00000000, 1.0f, 0);
// Swap the back and front buffers.
Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);
}
return true;
}
//
// WndProc
//
LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch( msg )
{
case WM_DESTROY:
::PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )
::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
}
return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
//
// WinMain
//
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,
HINSTANCE prevInstance,
PSTR cmdLine,
int showCmd)
{
if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance,
640, 480, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))
{
::MessageBox(0, "InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0);
return 0;
}
if(!Setup())
{
::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);
return 0;
}
d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );
Cleanup();
Device->Release();
return 0;
}Code Description:
Setup: Program settings and initialization are placed here, such as resource allocation, checking device performance, etc;
Cleanup: used to release resources allocated in the Setup function;
Display: Implement all drawing code and the operations that should be performed between adjacent frames in this function.
Create a new d3dUtility class, with the following code.
D3dUtility. h.
//
//
// File: d3dUtility.h
//
// Author: Frank Luna (C) All Rights Reserved
//
// System: AMD Athlon 1800+ XP, 512 DDR, Geforce 3, Windows XP, MSVC++ 7.0
//
// Desc: Provides utility functions for simplifying common tasks.
//
//
#ifndef __d3dUtilityH__
#define __d3dUtilityH__
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <string>
namespace d3d
{
bool InitD3D(
HINSTANCE hInstance, // [in] Application instance.
int width, int height, // [in] Backbuffer dimensions.
bool windowed, // [in] Windowed (true)or full screen (false).
D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, // [in] HAL or REF
IDirect3DDevice9** device);// [out]The created device.
int EnterMsgLoop(
bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta));
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
HWND hwnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam);
template<class T> void Release(T t)
{
if( t )
{
t->Release();
t = 0;
}
}
template<class T> void Delete(T t)
{
if( t )
{
delete t;
t = 0;
}
}
}
#endif // __d3dUtilityH__//
//
// File: d3dUtility.cpp
//
// Author: Frank Luna (C) All Rights Reserved
//
// System: AMD Athlon 1800+ XP, 512 DDR, Geforce 3, Windows XP, MSVC++ 7.0
//
// Desc: Provides utility functions for simplifying common tasks.
//
//
#include "d3dUtility.h"
bool d3d::InitD3D(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
int width, int height,
bool windowed,
D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,
IDirect3DDevice9** device)
{
//
// Create the main application window.
//
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wc.lpszMenuName = 0;
wc.lpszClassName = "Direct3D9App";
if( !RegisterClass(&wc) )
{
::MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() - FAILED", 0, 0);
return false;
}
HWND hwnd = 0;
hwnd = ::CreateWindow("Direct3D9App", "Direct3D9App",
WS_EX_TOPMOST,
0, 0, width, height,
0 /*parent hwnd*/, 0 /* menu */, hInstance, 0 /*extra*/);
if( !hwnd )
{
::MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() - FAILED", 0, 0);
return false;
}
::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);
::UpdateWindow(hwnd);
//
// Init D3D:
//
HRESULT hr = 0;
// Step 1: Create the IDirect3D9 object.
IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;
d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if( !d3d9 )
{
::MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() - FAILED", 0, 0);
return false;
}
// Step 2: Check for hardware vp.
D3DCAPS9 caps;
d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);
int vp = 0;
if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT )
vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
else
vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
// Step 3: Fill out the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS structure.
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = width;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = height;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hwnd;
d3dpp.Windowed = windowed;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8;
d3dpp.Flags = 0;
d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
// Step 4: Create the device.
hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, // primary adapter
deviceType, // device type
hwnd, // window associated with device
vp, // vertex processing
&d3dpp, // present parameters
device); // return created device
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
// try again using a 16-bit depth buffer
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
deviceType,
hwnd,
vp,
&d3dpp,
device);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
::MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() - FAILED", 0, 0);
return false;
}
}
d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
return true;
}
int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) )
{
MSG msg;
::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime();
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
::TranslateMessage(&msg);
::DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
{
float currTime = (float)timeGetTime();
float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f;
ptr_display(timeDelta);
lastTime = currTime;
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
Code Description:
InitD3D: Initialized the main window of the application and executed the initialization process of Direct3D.
EnterMsgLoop: Encapsulates the message loop of an application.
Release: Template function, to facilitate the release of COM interfaces and set them to NULL;
Delete: Template function, in order to conveniently delete objects in the heap and assign corresponding pointers to NULL;
WndProc: The window procedure function of the application's main window.
Confirm and compile, run, and the result is as follows:
6) Run the sample in SDK .
Find the sample folder in the SDK and select a corresponding vs2008 project file, such as this MultiAnimation.
After opening, directly F5, compile and run. If the compilation is successful, then the environment can determine that the configuration is successful.
1) Firstly, it is necessary to confirm the versions of SDK and VS. Theoretically, VS2008 or VS2005 would be better. Previously, I had been using 2010 and there were always bugs and no solutions during compilation. .
It is best to choose the latest version of SDK, mainly because the documentation is relatively complete.
2) When encountering a function or variable that cannot be explained, undefined reference of .
Check if the corresponding library or header file is included.
3) Compilation will prompt prompts such as "cannot convert wchar to LPCSTR". This is due to the use of Unicode (which is used in the example files of DirectX). There are several solutions:
-Press alt-f7 to open the configuration file. In the General menu of Configuration Property, select "Not set" for Character Set and cancel all the preceding L strings. This is because L" It is a macro (see MSDN for details).
-If you want to continue using Unicode, you can use the following method: select Character Set as Unicode and add all strings to L"" As a Unicode representation, one advantage of this is that it is more convenient if your software needs to support multiple languages.
Reference
Dire.